The Esperanto alphabet

Twenty-eight letters. One sound each. Read every word as it is written. The six hats — ĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝ ŭ — are the only shapes that look new.

Aa
a · /a/

Sounds like: a in father

amiko — friend

Bb
bo · /b/

Sounds like: b in book

bela — beautiful

Cc
co · /ts/

Sounds like: ts in cats

celo — goal

Ĉĉ
ĉo · /tʃ/

Sounds like: ch in church

ĉambro — room

Dd
do · /d/

Sounds like: d in dog

domo — house

Ee
e · /e/

Sounds like: e in they (short)

bela — beautiful

Ff
fo · /f/

Sounds like: f in fun

facila — easy

Gg
go · /g/

Sounds like: g in go (always hard)

granda — big

Ĝĝ
ĝo · /dʒ/

Sounds like: j in jam

ĝojo — joy

Hh
ho · /h/

Sounds like: h in hat

havi — to have

Ĥĥ
ĥo · /x/

Sounds like: ch in loch (rare)

eĥo — echo

Ii
i · /i/

Sounds like: ee in see

infano — child

Jj
jo · /j/

Sounds like: y in yes

jes — yes

Ĵĵ
ĵo · /ʒ/

Sounds like: s in vision

ĵurnalo — newspaper

Kk
ko · /k/

Sounds like: k in kite

kato — cat

Ll
lo · /l/

Sounds like: l in love

libro — book

Mm
mo · /m/

Sounds like: m in man

mondo — world

Nn
no · /n/

Sounds like: n in no

nomo — name

Oo
o · /o/

Sounds like: o in more (pure)

oro — gold

Pp
po · /p/

Sounds like: p in pen

pano — bread

Rr
ro · /r/

Sounds like: trilled r (or a clear r)

rapida — fast

Ss
so · /s/

Sounds like: s in sun (always unvoiced)

suno — sun

Ŝŝ
ŝo · /ʃ/

Sounds like: sh in ship

ŝipo — ship

Tt
to · /t/

Sounds like: t in top

tago — day

Uu
u · /u/

Sounds like: oo in food

uno — one (prefix form)

Ŭŭ
ŭo · /w/

Sounds like: w in now (aŭ, eŭ)

aŭto — car

Vv
vo · /v/

Sounds like: v in very

vivo — life

Zz
zo · /z/

Sounds like: z in zoo

zono — zone / belt

Esperanto accent

The accent — the stressed syllable — is always the second-last. es-PE-ran-to. sa-LU-ton. lon-DO-no. There is no exception for borrowed names once they wear an Esperanto ending. Say every letter; do not swallow vowels. That single rule is the whole pronunciation system besides the 28 sounds.

Esperanto alphabet song

Letter names add -o after a consonant: bo, co, ĉo. Vowels keep their sound: a, e, i, o, u. There is no Q, W, X, or Y. Sing the names once, then read a word as it is written.

a bo co ĉo do e fo go ĝo ho ĥo i jo ĵo ko lo mo no o po ro so ŝo to u ŭo vo zo

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Next: Learn Esperanto