Lesson 17 / 24

Because, although, and that

Build longer sentences with ĉar, kvankam, dum, ĝis, and ke.

ke opens a clause that is a fact or a thought: Mi scias, ke vi lernas. ĉar is “because”: Mi restas, ĉar mi estas laca. kvankam is “although”: Kvankam pluvas, ni iras. dum is “while / during”: dum la leciono. ĝis is “until”: ĝis morgaŭ. se you already know as “if.” Do not use ke after ĉar — one linker is enough.

Because we stay

Read the story. Click a word to see what it means.

scias, longa. restas, kurso ankoraŭ iras.

We know that the evening is long. We stay because the course is still going.

lacaj, volas aŭdi .

Although we are tired, we want to hear the last story.

Tomaso parolas, Lina skribas. skribas fino.

While Tomaso speaks, Lina writes. She writes until the end.

venos morgaŭ, daŭrigos. esperas, venos.

If you come tomorrow, we will continue. We hope that you will come.

Read this aloud

Mi scias, ke la kurso estas facila. I know that the course is easy.
Ĉar ni lernas ĉiutage. Because we learn every day.
Kvankam mi estas laca, mi volas daŭrigi. Although I am tired, I want to continue.
Ni restas ĝis la sepa horo. We stay until seven o’clock.

ke is not “that” the demonstrative

that book is tiu libro. I know that you came is Mi scias, ke vi venis. English “that” splits; Esperanto does not. Use ke only to open a clause.

Words in this lesson

ke that (clause)

ĉar because

kvankam although

dum while / during

ĝis until

se if

daŭrigi to continue

ĉiutage every day

vespero evening

lastan last (object)

rakonton story (object)

finon end (object)

Practice

Write the Esperanto sentence. Enter checks your answer.

I know that she is a teacher.

ke + full clause.

We go because it is easy.

ĉar, not ke.

Although it rains, we learn.

kvankam at the front is fine.

Wait until tomorrow.

Command -u + ĝis.

I hope that she comes.

ke + present is fine for a hope about now.

We stay because we learn.

ĉar.

Build the word

Type the Esperanto word.

because

Not ke.

although

One word.

while / during

Time linker.

until

Until a point.

Complete the sentences

Fill the missing piece.

Mi scias, ____ vi lernas.

Clause “that”.

Ni restas, ____ ni estas lacaj.

Because.

____ pluvas, ni iras.

Although.

Atendu ____ morgaŭ.

Until.