Lesson 15 / 24
Passive: -ata, -ita, -ota
Say that something is being done, has been done, or will be done.
Passive participles describe the object of the action. -ata is in process: La letero estas skribata (the letter is being written). -ita is finished: La letero estas skribita (the letter has been written / is written). -ota is still to happen: La letero estas skribota (the letter is to be written). Pair them with esti in any tense: estis farita, estos farata. The doer, if you need one, comes with de: skribita de Ana.
A letter already written
Read the story. Click a word to see what it means.
tablo kuŝas . Lina.
Nun nova . Tomaso sidas .
tria morgaŭ. Eva.
Ĉiuj estos . laboro estos .
Read this aloud
- Ĉu la pano estas manĝata nun? Is the bread being eaten now?
- Ne. Ĝi jam estas manĝita. No. It has already been eaten.
- Kaj la kafo? And the coffee?
- La kafo estas trinkota post la leciono. The coffee is to be drunk after the lesson.
esti + participle is not a new verb
estas skribita is “is written / has been written.” Do not add a second -as on the participle. The participle stays an adjective: skribitaj leteroj, skribitan leteron.
Words in this lesson
Practice
Write the Esperanto sentence. Enter checks your answer.
The letter is written (finished).
-ita = the action is done.
The book is being read.
-ata = in process.
The house will be built.
estos + -ita (result in the future).
It was written by Ana.
de for the doer.
The bread has been eaten.
-ita.
It was written by Tomaso.
de.
Build the word
Type the Esperanto word.
being written
-ata.
written (finished)
-ita.
to be written
-ota.
done / made
far- + -ita.
Complete the sentences
Fill the missing ending or word.
La letero estas skrib____. (finished)
-ita.
La pano estas manĝ____ nun. (in process)
-ata.
Ĝi estis skribita ____ Ana. (by)
de = by.
La domo estos konstru____.
estos + -ita.